I recently saw a short TV interview of the well known atheist
apologist, Richard Dawkins. He made some
of the usual points that he makes when discussing religion, and these seemed to
resonate with the woman who was interviewing him. You could tell by her attitude that she
clearly admired him and held him in high regard.
Seeing this made me wonder if the interviewer had thought through
the implications of what atheists like Dawkins believe. I wondered too if she had considered how
plausible some of the arguments he makes really are.
In what follows I would like to comment briefly on two things
about atheism that I think many people have not realised or properly thought
through. I used to be an atheist myself,
many years ago before I became a Christian, and at that time I certainly never
thought carefully about the two points I want to raise here.
The claim that
religion makes good people do bad things
The first point concerns the claim of Dawkins and others that
religion makes good people do bad things.
Atheists often refer to evils that are committed in the name of one
religion or another, such as in the Crusades or by organisations like the
so-called Islamic State today. They then
go on to claim that if everyone were an atheist, people would treat each other
much better than they do.
I have to say that I am surprised that Dawkins and those like him
use this argument as much as they do. To
me, at least, it seems so obviously flawed.
Atheists are of course right that the Crusades and Islamic State
and many other similar events or organisations throughout history provide
numerous examples of people committing evil acts because they hold certain
religious beliefs. It is true that if
the people involved in these things had been atheists, they would not have
committed the atrocities they did for the reasons they did.
But there are big problems with claiming that if everyone were an
atheist, this would make the world a better place. To begin with, if we think about deaths that were
the result of murder or intentional neglect in recent history, many of the
worst examples were caused by atheists.
Joseph Stalin has to be one of the biggest mass murderers of all
time. Millions of Soviet citizens died under
his rule in the 1930s. And Stalin was of
course an atheist.
The Cultural Revolution in China
And then there is the rule of the atheist Khmer Rouge in Cambodia
When Dawkins and those like him say that atheism would make the
world a better place, they seem to have seriously failed to acknowledge all the
mass murder and intentional neglect leading to loss of life that has been
perpetrated by atheists.
Something else that atheists like Dawkins rarely, if ever, seem to
talk about, whether intentionally or through genuine ignorance, is that in our
world the fear of God is a massive motivating factor towards treating people
well. There are probably billions of
people alive today, who believe that after they die they will have to appear
before God to give an explanation for everything they have done while on earth. The amount of good that is caused by this
belief is surely enormous.
Even for us Christians, who believe that we are saved by faith and
not by what we do, the fear of God – not an anxious type of fear, but a fear
nevertheless – should still be one of the things that motivates us towards good
living. I know that I am motivated by
this. And there is no doubt that vast
numbers of people worldwide are motivated, to a greater or lesser extent, to do
what is right by fear of God.
I, for one, hate to think what the world would be like if everyone
were an atheist. It seems to me that the
instances of people treating each other badly would be significantly greater
than they are at present.
Although it is doubtless true, therefore, that religious beliefs
motivate more than a few theists to commit atrocities who would not commit them
if they were atheists, it makes sense to think that the number of theists who
are motivated not to commit atrocities, and who would commit them if they were
atheists, is higher. As I said, I am
surprised that Dawkins and the other atheist apologists use this argument as
much as they do. To me it seems to be clearly
false.
The determinism of
physicalist atheism
There is a second point about atheism that I think most people
have not recognised. To be precise, this
point concerns physicalism, i.e., the belief that the physical universe is all
that exists. However, as far as I am
aware, the vast majority of atheists are physicalists, so this point would seem
to apply to the beliefs of almost all atheists.
The issue here is the deterministic nature of human choices in the
worldview of a physicalist atheist. What
I mean by this is that if the physical universe is all that exists, then no
human being could ever have made a choice differently than they did.
Think about this for a moment.
In physicalist atheist understanding, human beings have no soul. Therefore, in this worldview, when you or I
make a choice, it is not because the immaterial part of us does this. It is simply because chemical reactions in our
brains cause us to make each decision to do something. And we have no control over how these
reactions take place.
Of course, previous choices that we have made can have an effect
on our character, thus influencing later choices. In physicalist atheist understanding, this
would mean that the chemical reactions in our brains at the time of making a
choice would be dependent on previous chemical reactions when earlier choices
were made.
But this makes no difference to the point I am making. The later choices are nevertheless caused only
by however the chemicals react in the brain at the time of making the choice. And, in any case, the earlier choices that
influenced the later choices were themselves caused simply by chemical
reactions in the brain.
For someone who believes that only the physical universe exists,
then, no human being could possibly have made any decision differently than
they did. We are utterly at the mercy of
whatever chemical reactions go on inside our brains. Genuine free will is just an illusion.
If you are anything like me, you will find this idea to be a
deeply unpleasant one. What a depressing
thing to believe.
It is true that the unpleasantness of something is not a valid
argument against it being true. Nevertheless,
everyone should understand clearly that being a physicalist atheist involves holding
this very unpleasant belief.
But there is more. Let’s
think through the implications of this. If
physicalist atheism is true, it is completely illogical to blame anyone for
anything.
So, for the physicalist atheist, blaming Adolf Hitler for the
Holocaust makes no sense whatsoever. In
fact, Hitler should be pitied. He was
just unfortunate enough to have the chemicals in his brain react in such a way
as to cause him to commit genocide.
But don’t you find something deep within yourself saying that this
must be wrong, that Hitler did have a genuine choice and that he really is to
blame? I know that I do. Surely Hitler had real free will. Surely he could have chosen not to do what he
did as regards massacring Jews.
And don’t you have a sense within yourself that you have free will
too, something far deeper and more profound than mere chemical reactions? I certainly do.
As a Christian I do believe that the human race is in a damaged, distorted
state, and that in this condition we have lost full freedom of our wills. We are tainted by sin in such a way that we
cannot do what is perfectly good. Even
Christians, who have been renewed by the Spirit of God, cannot choose to act
perfectly.
But, to me at least, saying that human beings have no genuine freedom
of the will at all, especially when making premeditated choices, seems wrong,
and I would be surprised if many people felt differently. And if these gut feelings of ours are
correct, then the physicalist atheism of Dawkins and others must be mistaken.
A plea to atheists
If you are an atheist, please think about these brief points I
have made. Some of the arguments made by
atheist apologists really don’t seem to make much sense, and some of the
implications of atheistic beliefs are deeply unpleasant. Everyone should recognise this.
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